378 A MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 



the lymphatic glands, especially in the neck, the joints and 

 bones, and the skin (lupus) are mostly attacked ; young 

 adults suffer from disease of the lung (consumption, 

 phthisis), and older people from chronic disease of the 

 lung and tuberculous disease of the urinary organs and 

 testes, and of the suprarenal capsules (Addison's disease). 

 Scrofula and struma were terms formerly much employed ; 

 both denote a swollen neck, and were applied to cases 

 suffering from chronic tuberculous inflammation with 

 enlargement of lymphatic, especially of the cervical, 

 glands, with which other conditions, such as inflammations 

 of the ear, throat and eye, and implication of bones and 

 joints, are frequently associated. 



It was asserted, particularly by Rosenberger and 

 Forsyth, that tubercle bacilli can be detected in the blood 

 in the majority of cases of human pulmonary tuber- 

 culosis. Hewat and Sutherland, 1 however, made twenty- 

 two blood examinations on twenty patients in all stages of 

 the disease and in only one detected two acid-fast bacilli. 

 Schroeder and Cotton tested the blood of forty-two 

 cattle in all stages of tuberculosis by inoculation into 

 guinea-pigs with negative results. 



The majority of the domestic animals are also subject 

 to tuberculosis. It is most common in the ox, pig, and 

 horse, much less so in the sheep and goat, cat and dog. 

 It is frequent in the fowl, pigeon, parrot, peacock and 

 other domesticated birds. Wild animals, both mammals 

 and birds, in their native state, never suffer from spon- 

 taneous tuberculosis, but in captivity are prone to be 

 attacked, and a large number of the deaths in Zoological 

 Gardens, particularly among the apes, are due to this 

 disease. 



The distribution of the bacillus in the tissues varies 

 considerably. In young and active tubercles the bacilli 



1 Brit. Med. Journ., 1909, vol. ii, p. 1119 (References). 



