CHAPTER XII 



PNEUMONIA, INFLUENZA, AND WHOOPING-COUGH 



Pneumonia 



PNEUMONIA is of two types, lobular, catarrhal, or broncho- 

 pneumonia, and lobar or croupous pneumonia. The former may 

 be primary, or may be secondary and arise in connection with 

 many of the specific fevers, as in measles, whooping-cough, 

 diphtheria, enteric fever, influenza, plague, etc. The broncho - 

 pneumonia occurring in the course of other diseases may be due 

 to the causative organism of the disease, or may be due to other 

 organisms. Eyre l examined 62 cases of broncho -pneumonia 

 occurring in the course of other diseases and 102 cases in which 

 the broncho -pneumonia was the primary lesion. Of these 164 

 cases, 52-4 per cent, yielded pure cultivations of some one or 

 other of six bacteria pneumococcus, Strep, longus, M. pyogenes 

 var. aureus, M. catarrhalis, B. pneumonice, and B. infiuenzce ; 

 whilst 47-5 per cent, gave a mixed growth of one or more of these 

 six in association with one or more of five other bacteria M. 

 tetragenus, B. pertussis, B. pyocyaneus, B. typhosus, B. diphtheria. 

 The B. coli also occurs in broncho -pneumonia. 



Acute croupous or lobar pneumonia in many of its characters 

 resembles an acute specific infection, and while frequently a 

 primary disease, may also occur secondarily in almost any con- 

 dition, and occasionally in epidemic form. Friedlander in 1882-83 

 first described organisms in cases of pneumonia. In 1883-8-5 

 Talamon, Klein and Sternberg each described in pneumonic 

 sputum an oval encapsuled organism, which induced pneumonia 

 in animals ; it was termed by the former the Micrococcus lanceo- 

 latus, and by Sternberg the Micrococcus Pasteuri. This and 

 Friedlander's organisms were at first believed to be identical, but 

 Frankel and Weichselbaum subsequently showed that they are 



Jovrn. Path, and Bact., vol. xiv, 1910, p. 100. 



