536 A MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 



That the characters of the standard cholera vibrio may 

 be altered by a sojourn in water seems probable from an 

 observation of Greig's. He isolated a cholera-like vibrio 

 from the water of a tank in the vicinity of which cholera 

 had occurred. It was agglutinated only. in a dilution of 

 1 in 200 by a cholera serum, which agglutinated the stan- 

 dard cholera vibrio in a dilution of 1 in 16,000. The serum 

 of a rabbit immunised with it agglutinated itself in a 

 dilution of 1 in 16,000, but did not agglutinate the standard 

 cholera vibrio at all. This rabbit died during the experi- 

 ment and the vibrio was recovered from the gall-bladder. 

 This " bile vibrio " was then used to immunise another 

 rabbit, and this rabbit's serum agglutinated the bile 

 strain in a dilution of 1 in 6,000-8,000, and also the 

 standard cholera vibrio in a dilution of 1 in 5,000, but did 

 not agglutinate the original water strain at all ! The 

 original water vibrio differed somewhat morphologically 

 from the standard cholera vibrio, but the bile strain 

 approached the standard cholera vibrio closely. 



The Vibrio Massowah, isolated during an epidemic of 

 cholera at Massowah on the Red Sea, has two terminal 

 flagella at each end, and is regarded as being a member of 

 the cholera -like vibrios. 



Toxins. Brieger in 1887 obtained cadaverin and 

 putrescin and two other basic bodies from cholera cul- 

 tures. Brieger and Frankel isolated a tox-albumin, and 

 Gamaleia a ferment-like body. Hueppe stated that the 

 cholera poison is a tox-albumin formed in the culture 

 medium, but that immunising substances are derived from 

 the bacterial cells. 



Rontaler compared the chemical products of the 

 ordinary cholera and of the Massowah vibrios, and could 

 find little difference between them. 



Westbrook l obtained albumoses and other bodies from 



1 Journ. of Path, and Bact., vol. iv, 1896, p. 1. 



