PATHOGENIC SPIROCHAETES 603 



with in this country, 1 but more frequent in Japan. It is 

 characterised by weekly bouts of severe fever lasting 

 two to three days, and follows the bite of a rat. Futaki 

 and co-workers 2 found a spirochaete in the blood, skin 

 and lymph glands. A similar spirochaete is found in 

 rats and monkeys. Guinea-pigs, rats and mice can be 

 infected. Salvarsan, etc., is curative. Streptothrix 

 forms have also been isolated from the lesions, but are 

 probably merely concomitant infections. 



Sp. argentinensis . In a certain number of cases of 

 disseminated sclerosis, the disease can be reproduced in 

 animals by injection of the patients' blood and cerebro- 

 spinal fluid. Spirochaetes are present in the blood and 

 organs and also in the inoculated animals. 



Spirochaeta bronchialis. First described by Castellani 

 and met with in a form of bronchitis occurring in the 

 Tropics. 



Spirochaeta pertenuis. Castellani 3 found in the yaws 

 (framboesia) granulomata a delicate spirochaete resembling 

 the 8. pallida of syphilis closely, but even more delicate 

 and difficult to stain than the latter organism, and named 

 it 8. pertenuis. It is present also in the spleen and 

 lymphatic glands in the disease and in inoculated monkeys. 

 Rabbits can be inoculated in the testicle, and Noguchi has 

 obtained cultures. 



Some observers have supposed yaws to be a manifesta 

 tion of syphilis, but (1) syphilitic patients can be inocu- 

 lated with yaws ; (2) syphilis may supervene on yaws ; 

 (3) Neisser and Castellani showed that monkeys inocu- 

 lated with syphilis are not immune to yaws, and vice 

 versa ; and (4) Castellani showed that the yaws antigen 



1 See Hewlett and Rodman, Practitioner, July, 1913, p. 86. 



2 Journ. Exper. Med., vol. xxv, 1917, p. 33. Also Foulerton, Journ. 

 Pathol. and Bacterial, vol. xxiii, 1919, p. 83. 



3 Brit. Med. Journ,, 1907, vol. ii> p. 1511. 



