SMALLPOX AND VACCINIA 675 



terous fly, the sand-fly (Phlebotomus pappatasii). " Canary 

 fever," " Shanghai fever," " Chitral fever," and the 

 seven days continued and " sand-fly " fevers of India are 

 probably of the same nature. The virus in phlebotomus 

 fever passes through a Berkefeld filter. 



Further research must decide whether these and 

 dengue are distinct diseases or whether they are all 

 manifestations of dengue. 



Variola and Vaccinia 



The specific contagia of these two diseases appear to 

 be filter-passers. 



Variola is inoculable on man, the calf and the monkey, 

 vaccinia on the rabbit in addition. 



A large number of observations have been made on 

 the bacteriology of vaccine lymph. Usually the ordinary 

 pyogenic organisms and many saprophytic forms can 

 alone be isolated. Klein observed the presence of a fine 

 bacillus in vaccinia, which was subsequently more fully 

 studied by Copeman. 1 It was found in vaccine vesicles 

 at an early stage, but at maturation could no longer be 

 detected. Subsequently Copeman found a similar orga- 

 nism in variola, and both he and Klein succeeded in 

 cultivating the bacillus from both sources. The bacillus 

 formed involution forms, and it seemed to belong to the 

 group of diphtheria and xerosis bacilli. On inoculation 

 into calves some approach to, but not typical, vaccinia was 

 produced. Moreover, the inoculated calves were not 

 immune to subsequent vaccination. Copeman 2 inocu- 

 lated glycerinated vaccine lymph in which the extraneous 

 organisms had died out into collodion capsules filled with 

 beef broth, and inserted them in the peritoneal cavity of 

 rabbits, and observed zooglcea masses made up of bodies 



1 Milroy Lectures on Vaccination, 1898. 



2 Brit. Med. Journ., 1901, vol. i, p. 450. 



432 



