678 A MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 



cultivations show that extraneous bacteria have died out, when 

 it is issued for use. It remains very active for fifty to sixty days, 

 after which it begins to deteriorate. 



Green 1 rapidly prepares vaccine lymph by killing oft the 

 extraneous organisms with chloroform vapour. 



Blaxall 2 has more recently used oil of cloves as a sterilising- 

 agent in the preparation of calf lymph. 



Malignant Disease 



The analogies between carcinoma and sarcoma and many 

 infective diseases have led investigators to .search for micro- 

 organisms in these conditions. 



Bacteria have been repeatedly looked for, but Shattock was 

 unable to isolate any bacterial form from malignant disease. 

 Doyen isolated a micrococcus (M. neoformans, p. 276), but, 

 though frequently present, it is not causative. 



A great impetus was given to the study of parasites in malignant 

 disease by the publication of a paper by Russell. He observed, 

 by certain methods of staining, small corpuscles within the 

 epithelial cells. They were spherical in shape, 4-10 p in diameter, 

 occurring singly or in groups, were apparently homogeneous, 

 and surrounded by a capsule. Russell regarded these structures 

 as belonging to the " sprouting fungi " (Blastomycetes), and they 

 have since been known by the name of " f uchsin bodies" or 

 " Russell's corpuscles." 



Subsequently structures were observed within the epithelial 

 cells of carcinoma which were regarded by many investigators as 

 parasitic protozoa. 3 These structures are round or ovoid, 2 p. 

 to 10 p. in diameter, with a very distinct outline, as though encap- 

 suled, and clear refractile contents in which is a smaller body of 

 variable size analogous to a nucleus (Fig. 65, a). Occasionally the 

 refractile contents present a radial striation or a granulation. 



These bodies are usually single, but may number as many as 

 eight or ten, and sometimes they invade the epithelial nucleus. 

 The Ruffer's or Plimmer's body, however, is a structure probably 

 analogous to the archoplastic vesicle of the cells of reproductive 



1 Rep. Med. Off. Loc. Gov. Board for 1900-01, p. 639. 



2 Ibid., 1911-12, p. 361. 



3 See Ruffer and Walker, Journ. Path, and Bad., vol. i, 1893, p. 395. 



