686 A MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 



Canon and Pielicke and many observers have found small bacilli 

 in the blood. They are motile, do not stain by Gram's method, 

 and can be cultivated on agar and serum, on which they form 

 delicate colonies. Tunnicliff cultivated from the blood a Grain - 

 positive coccus, most readily before the rash has appeared. It 

 grows as a diplococcus and also in short chains and has certain 

 cultural peculiarities. Mallory and Medlar 1 find in the endothe- 

 lial cells lining the capillaries in the lesions one to four minute 

 intensely staining Gram -positive spherical bodies. They may be 

 parasites or merely retrograde changes within the cytoplasm ; 

 possibly they are a coccus in process of digestion. The influenza 

 bacillus is present in many cases. The organism may be a filter- 

 passer. 



MENINGITIS may be caused by 8. pneumonia (60 per cent, of 

 acute cases), D. intracellularis, Still's diplococcus, B. tuberculosis, 

 gonococcus, and micrococci and streptococci, occasionally B. in- 

 fluenzce. Henry 2 describes influenza-like bacilli causing sporadic 

 meningitis, and also otitis media. They grow only on blood-agar 

 and are more virulent to animals than the B. influenzce. 



MUMPS (EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS). Mecray and Walsh isolated 

 from the parotid and blood in some cases of mumps a coccus 

 resembling that described by Laveran and Catrin. It occurs 

 chiefly as a diplococcus, but also in large groups. The colonies 

 form circular, white, shining points, with slow growth and gradual 

 liquefaction. On potato a white growth occurs ; on blood-serum 

 a plentiful cream-coloured growth ; and in litmus milk produc- 

 tion of acid with coagulation. 



NOMA AND CANCRUM ORIS. Durante found the M. pyogenes, 

 var. aureus, with B. proteus, and Eavenna the same micrococcus 

 with the typhoid bacillus. Diphtheroid bacilli have also been 

 isolated. Weaver and TunniclifE 3 in a case of cancrum oris 

 observed the presence of fusiform bacilli and spirilla. Hellesen 4 

 isolated a diplococcus from a case of noma. The organism is 

 not unlike the pneumococcus, but possesses no capsule, is Clnmi- 

 positive, gives a general turbidity in broth with acidity, forms no 

 gas from glucose, curdles milk with acid production, and forms 



1 Journ. Med. Research, vol. xli, 1920, p. 327. 



2 Journ. Path, and Bacter., vol. xvii, 1912, p. 174. 



3 Journ. Infectious Diseases, vol. iv, 1907, p. 8 (Bibliog.). 



4 See Lancet, 1908, vol. i, p. 955. 



