282 BACTERIOLOGY 



under Gram's process. A nearly isolated staining may, how- 

 ever, be obtained by employing Giinther's method, in which 

 the air-dried cover-glasses are laid for ten seconds in 5 per 

 cent, acetic acid, to bleach the red corpuscles, before being 

 subjected to the action of the staining fluid, after which the 

 acid is removed by blowing, and finally, in order to free the 

 preparation from the last traces of adhering acid, it is laid 

 with the prepared side downwards over an open bottle con- 

 taining strong solution of ammonia which has just previously 

 been shaken. Staining is then done with gentian violet 

 in aniline water ; the preparation is rinsed in water and 

 put up in Canada balsam. Artificial cultivation has not as 

 yet succeeded. Transmission of blood containing spirilla is 

 stated to have produced results only in human beings and 

 monkeys. 



Protozoa in the blood. Protozoa are found in the blood 

 in several infectious diseases. The discovery of Laveran 

 that protozoa have to be dealt with in malarial disorders 

 has been brilliantly confirmed and extended by Celli, Golgi, 

 Saupelice, &c., and is to-day universally admitted. Since 

 malaria is closely connected with the soil, the plasmodia 

 of the disease have already been described in the chapter 

 on the ' Bacteriological Analysis of Earth ' (p. 169). 



Danilewsky has detected similar forms in the red cor- 

 puscles of lizards, tortoises, and birds, and Smith has 

 proved that Texas fever in oxen is dependent on a like 

 cause. The hcmoglobinurie bacterienne du Ixxuf has, accord- 

 ing to Babes, the same significance. 



L. Pfeiffer also found protozoa in the blood in small-pox 

 and carcinoma. [See also Appendix.] 



