APPENDIX 291 



in some of the cells of all varieties of carcinoma, although 

 the number is not constant. 



These inclusions are found for the most part in the 

 body of the cell, usually singly, though as many as eight or 

 ten have been counted, and they appear as round or oval 

 figures, measuring from 2//, to 10//, or more in diameter, 

 surrounded by a capsule probably furnished by the epi- 

 thelial cell (Ruffer and Walker) , and having a large irregular 

 nucleus in the centre, from which processes extend out 

 radially. Lines are also visible, at regular intervals, running 

 in from the capsule towards the centre. Less frequently 

 the inclusions are seen in the cell nucleus, or sometimes 

 half in and half out, a condition in which the capsule is 

 slight or absent (Galloway), 1 and sometimes the nucleus 

 contains a number of small ones, which eventually make 

 their way out. Still more rarely similar bodies are ob- 

 served in the intercellular spaces. The nuclei of the bodies 

 stain like the nucleoli of ordinary cells when treated by the 

 Ehrlich-Biondi method (see below). 



Ruffer states that reproduction takes place by repeated 

 division of the nucleus, followed by that of the capsule, 

 until a zoogloea-like mass of ' parasites ' is produced. He 

 has not observed formation of spores, but thinks that 

 some of the young ' parasites ' may be of this character. 

 Burchardt, 2 however, on one occasion found an appearance 

 in one of the bodies (which he has figured), consisting of a 

 delicate oval outline, which contains a round, thick-walled 

 vesicle full of small round bodies, and these he believes to 

 be a spore, germ-capsule, and germs respectively. 3 



The nucleus of the cancer cell is pressed to one side, as 



1 Morton Lecture, Brit. Med. Journ., February 4, 1893, p. 217 



2 Virchow's Archiv, Band 131, p. 121, January 2, 1893. 



3 Foa has described the division of the body into a number of highly- 

 refracting particles u'ithin the capsule, which he regards as spores, and which 

 eventually penetrate into fresh cancer cells. 



u 2 



