URINE. 185 



face, and allow an inner nucleus of different 

 form to be seen : pus. 



5. Cylindrical masses with, small vesicles, often 

 mixed with blood- and pus -corpuscle's : so- 

 called casts of the tubules. 



a. Casts whose roundish nuclei are clearly 

 visible through a delicate surrounding 

 mass : epithelial casts of Bellini's tubes, 

 mostly accompanied by the nucleated, 

 epithelial cells of ureters and kidneys. 



b. Solid cylinders of thick, granular, nucle- 

 ated nature are granular renal casts 9 and 

 often contain blood- and pus -corpuscles 

 with fat globules, crystals of calcium 

 oxalate. 



c. Pale, transparent, solid cylinders, only 

 seen with great difficulty : hyaloid casts. 



6. Epithelial cells. 



a. Pavement epithelium. 



b. Epithelial tubes. 



7. Fermentation and thread fibres. 



8. Short fine rods, threads, or square lumps, 

 moving about in an undulating manner : 

 Vibrios, Spermatozoa, Sarcina ventriculi. 



B. The urine is alkaline. 



I. Crystalline sediment. 



1. Rhombic vertical prisms soluble in acetic acid; 

 on mixing with a little milk of lime ammonia 

 is evolved: ammonio-magnesian phosphate. 



