170 COMPOSITE. 



auricled at base: heads 2^ lines broad: achenes % line long, sharply 

 4-angled, the sides dark brown, the angles hispid-ciliolate toward the 

 summit; pappus of 4 barbellate bristles and as many intervening minute 

 fimbriate-lacerate scales. Banks of the lower San Joaquin; perhaps not 

 within our range. 



2. COLEOSANTHUS, Cassini. Perennial, often suffrutescent. In- 

 florescence of terminal and subterminal short clusters of narrow heads. 

 Involucre of striate-nerved scales, the outer shorter. Corollas slender, 

 5-toothed. Style bulbous at base. Achenes 10-striate or -ribbed. Pap- 

 pus of numerous but uniserial scabrous or barbellate bristles. 



1. C. Californicus (T. & G.), O. Ktze. Shrubby at base, 23 ft. high, 

 paniculately branching: leaves alternate, broadly ovate or triangular, 

 irregularly crenate- toothed, about 1 in. long, 3-ribbed and roughish, 

 and, with the whole plant, somewhat glandular-puberulent, heads spicate 

 or racemose along the leafy branches, mostly nodding, % in. long, 10 

 15-flowered: scales of involucre with mostly obtuse straight tips. 

 Usually along stream banks, in gravelly places, and chiefly in the inner 

 Coast Eanges. Sept. Dec. 



Suborder 2. ASTERACE^E. 



Plants with a watery (never balsamic) juice, destitute of aromatic and 

 bitter qualities, the leaves and heads only, in some, resinous. Leaves 

 mostly alternate. Receptacle seldom chaffy. Anthers obtuse and entire, 

 or only emarginate at base. Style-branches not clavate, often with fili- 

 form, or shorter and broader, papillose or hispid appendage. Pappus in 

 most of ours of rather firm scabrous bristles. Disk-flowers yellow, in 

 some of the genera with cyanic rays changing to red or purple. 



* Flowers of both ray and disk permanently yellow. 



Pappus of several short scales XANTHOCEPHALTTM 3 



Pappus of a few stout deciduous awns GRINDELIA 4 



Pappus of many and persistent slender bristles; 

 Heads with ligulate ray flowers; 



Heads few, % in. high, somewhat spicate PYREOCOMA 5 



Heads many, panicled; 



Ray-achenes with no pappus HETEROTHECA 6 



All the achenes pappose \ P a PP double CHRYSOPSIS 



( pappus simple ERICAMERIA 



Heads solitary, peduncled; pappus soft, white STENQTUS 



Heads very small \ cor y mboee : achenes silky EUTHAMIA 11 



' panicled; achenes not silky SOLIDAGO 12 



Heads with palmatifid ray-corollas LESSINGIA 15 



Heads with no ray-corollas; 



Corollas ventricose ISOCOMA 10 



Corollas not ventricose; 



Shrubs, with corymbose small heads ERICAMERIA 9 



Herbs, with larger heads CHRYSOPSIS 7 



