MADIACE^E. 197 



divaricate branches at summit of the erect stem; leaves nearly all 

 pinnatifid and softer, but setose-pungent; chaff of receptacle sharply 

 mucronate, scarcely pungent: ray-achenes dull greenish-brown, scarcely 

 % line long, not compressed, though with angled face, more prominently 

 and acutely apiculate, the summit and back quite prominently and sharply 

 rugulose, the whole surface obscurely roughened. Borders of salt marshes 

 about San Francisco Bay. July Nov. 



-t- -i Disk-achenes with 3 or more slender linear palese. 



3. C. rudis. With the aspect. of C. pungens, but only 12 ft. high, 

 commonly branched from near the base, and the branches ascending, 

 sparsely hispid-hairy and scabrous-pubescent, slightly resinous and 

 distinctly honey-scented : earliest cauline leaves pinnatifid, all the others 

 linear-subulate, entire hispid-ciliate, the margins in age revolute: 

 achenes of ray black, about aline long, strongly compressed, semi-obcordate 

 in outline, the surface nearly smooth, the apiculation infra-terminal and 

 rather prominent, though short. Sacramento Valley, near Vacaville, 

 Jepson. Long supposed to be mere C. pungens, to which it bears a very 

 close general likeness. But the disk-achenes have the pappus of the 

 next species, and those of the ray are altogether peculiar. May Aug. 



4. C. Parryi (Greene). Widely branching, 12 ft. high, sparsely hir- 

 sute, minutely resinous-glandular, aromatic: lowest leaves pinnatifid, the 

 cauline linear, entire, sharply pungent, spreading, the uppermost 

 pilose-ciliate toward the base: heads scattered rather than glomerate: 

 ray-achenes dull black, % lines long, somewhat compressed, smooth on 

 the sides, but with a few coarse tuberculations on the back: those of the 

 disk with 3 or more palese exceeding the corollas: chaff of receptacle not 

 pungent. Plentiful about the warm springs at Calistoga; herbage with 

 the fragrance of Wintergreen. June Aug. 



* * Herbage dull and dark, ill-scented: disk-achenes with pappus. 



5. C. Fitchii (Gray). Stout, widely branching, 12 ft. high, villous- 

 hirsute, somewhat viscid, more or less beset with stalked glands: leaves 

 mostly entire, linear-acerose, the very lowest pinnately divided into 

 about 3 pairs of linear-acerose segments: bracts of the involucre con- 

 spicuous, subulate; those of the receptacle soft, pointless, long-villous : 

 ray-achenes obovate-triquetrous, light-brownish, obscurely if at all 

 tuberculate, indistinctly angled; those of the disk with 812 linear 

 pappus-palese. Very common on plains and among the foothills of the 

 interior. Aug. Oct. 



41. CALYCADENIA DeCandoUe. Rigid strict virgate more or less 

 hispid annuals. Lowest leaves opposite, the others alternate, all 

 narrowly linear, entire, revolute; those of the axillary fascicles and about 



