FEEDING OF GROWING ANIMALS 291 



as cocoa-nut, earth-nut, and palm-nut cakes, may be 

 given, also barley and pea meals, malt coombs, and 

 small quantities of bran, whey, etc. The lack of 

 fat can also be made good by some suitable oil 

 (20 g. earth-nut oil per litre) which should be 

 beaten with the hot separated milk by means of a 

 whisk until no drops of oil are to be seen. 



An excellent substitute for whole milk is found 

 in Liebig's recipe (p. 145), which is also suitable for 

 those calves that cannot digest the mother's milk. 

 Good results have been got from the addition of 

 saccharified starch to the skim milk. If commer- 

 cial extract of malt is used for the saccharification 

 the following quantities have been found to give 

 a suitable preparation : 500 g. (18 oz.) potato starch 

 stirred with \ litre (1 pint) cold water, and then 

 3£ litres (6 pints) almost boiling water gradually 

 added. This gives a stiff paste, which should be 

 allowed to cool to 50-60 C. (125-140 F.), and then 

 50 g. (2 oz.) malt extract stirred in ; after standing 

 half hour the drink is ready. Finely ground malt 

 (about 2 oz.) can naturally be used instead of the 

 extract, only then the liquid ought to be drawn off 

 through a sieve before being fed to young calves. 

 Instead of starch or flour it is possible to use wheat 

 or rye feeding meals with good results. The use 

 of such saccharified foods with skim milk in place of 

 whole milk can be begun when the calves are foui 

 weeks old, and the 14-16 pints whole milk replaced 



