FEEDING OF GROWING ANIMALS 293 



pulped or crushed mangels or carrots may be 

 given, and with them finely chopped straw, crushed 

 oats, ground barley or peas, oil-cake meal, malt 

 coombs. At the proper time the hay may be 

 replaced by grass, the best form being a pasture 

 with plenty of sweet grasses ; clover should be 

 avoided for a time. 



In the period after weaning the young stock must 

 always be better fed, for the withdrawal of the 

 milk easily puts the animals back, their growth at 

 the time being very rapid. From the 4-6 months 

 onward the calves can take more coarse fodder 

 and mangels, and after the end of the first year they 

 do best on the same kind of food as grown cattle. 

 As the skeleton of a year-old calf contains on an 

 average 7700 g. lime (17 lbs.) and 7000 g. (15J lbs.) 

 phosphoric acid, the daily addition would be 21 g. 

 lime and 19 g. phosphoric acid. The daily ration 

 must, therefore, contain 40-60 g. (iJ-2 oz,) of each 

 of these materials to fully meet the demands. 



When calves are being fattened only sweet milk 

 is used as a rule, for if other foods (hay and corn) 

 are given the meat loses its taste and also its bright 

 colour. The best quality of meat is got when milk 

 alone is used, and sometimes eggs are beaten up in 

 it. As a partial substitute for whole milk it is 

 usual to give separated milk, or a mixture of this 

 with whey, and other substances, such as earth-nut 

 oil, saccharified starch, etc., to make up the deficiency 



