THE MICROSCOPE IN MODERN PHARMACY 7 



been forced to admit this fact, and, as a result, they have in many 

 instances ceased their nefarious business, and in other instances they 

 have met the trained scientist with almost equal shrewdness. The 

 customary procedure of the former unscrupulous collectors, dealers, 

 etc., was to adulterate crude drugs and powdered drugs with substances 

 which were common, easily obtained, and which did not materially 



-"RACK & PINION 

 COARSE ADJUSTMENT 



BODY TUBE 



NOSEFIECE 



OBJECTIVES ~-.r: 



STASB ' 



ADJUSTABLE 



SPRING FINGER 

 CONDENSER: MOUNTING 

 DROP SWING 



LOWER IRIS DIAPHRAGM- 



FOR OBLIQUE LIGHT 



STAGE CENTERING SCREWS 

 MIRROR 



NllRROft FoRHr-.. 



MIRROR BAR-- 



RACK& PINION - 

 BUTTON. 



GRADUATED SHORT SLIDE , 



CONCENTRIC ADTUTT- 

 NG BUTTONS 



GRADUATED LONG 



OUCE 



HORSESHOE 

 --BASE 



FIG. 6. A modern compound microscope. 



modify the gross characters of the drug. These substances were often 

 added in large quantities and yet may have borne no histological 

 resemblance to the drug itself. All kinds of vegetable tissues, starch 

 and flour in particular, were used, also sand and clay, often colored 

 artifically so as not to modify the normal color of the drug. History 

 records the preparation of wooden nutmegs, clay coffee beans, cloves 

 of pressed starch, etc. The wise modern sophisticator discards such 



