110 



POWDERED VEGETABLE DRUGS 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V 



FIG. 24. Bean Tissues. 1. Epidermal palisade tissue with the crystal-bearing 

 hypodejm. 2. Starch-bearing endosperm tissue. 3. Starch granules with promi- 

 nent fissured hili. 4. Spongy tissue. 5. Epidermal palisade cells in vertical view. 

 6. Prismatic crystals of calcium from hypoderm. 



Ground beans, peas and lentils are used for adulterating purposes. 



FIG. 25. Histology of Mallow Leaf. 1. Transverse section of leaf showing stell- 

 ate trichome, epidermal, palisade and spongy tissue cells. Aggregate crystals of 

 calcium oxalate are present. 2. Stellate or aggregate trichomes. 3. Epidermal 

 cells (lower) showing stomata. Mallow leaves are extensively employed for adul- 

 terating leafy spices and drugs. 



FIG. 26. Histology of Corn. 1. Corn starch. 2. Starch-bearing endosperm 

 of corn kernel. 3. Trichomes of the chaff of the corn cob. 4. Sclerenchymatqus cells 

 of the corn cob. Ground cobs are used for adulterating purposes and also in the manu- 

 facture of artificial maple syrup flavor. 



FIG. 27. A Few Types of Trichomes. 1. Branching trichome of mullein. 2. 

 Many-celled simple trichome of henbane showing wart-like marking on outer surface. 

 3. Simple single-celled trichome as of rye and wheat. 4. Glandular trichome with 

 two secreting cells. 5. Glandular trichome with one secreting cell. 6. Many-celled 

 glandular trichome. 7. Simple, single-celled trichome of Indian hemp. 8. Much 

 elongated and twisted single-celled trichome, as of sage. 9. Sessile glandular trichome 

 (Eriodictyon) . 10. Indian hemp. 11. Pyrethrum. 12. Simple trichome. 



