130 POWDERED VEGETABLE DRUGS 



No resin cells 



Hili very prominent. Starch abundant, (conn) Colchicum 



Hili less distinct. Many granules simple .... Valerian 



Starch granules small, many aggregates 



Spiral ducts. Aggregate crystala Podophyllum 



No spiral ducts Caulophyllum 



LIGNIFIED TISSUE ELEMENTS WANTING OR SPARINGLY PRESENT 



. . Cellular structures present 



.... Single-celled trichomes present. Starch granules simple 



Starch granules polygonal. Numerous aggregates Oat meal 



Starch granules mostly spherical 



Hili distinct in larger granules Rye flour 



Hili indistinct 



Trichomes shorter. Granules smaller. . . . .* Barley flour 



Trichomes longer. Granules larger Wheat flour 



.... Stellate (aggregate) trichomes. Reddish brown glands Kamala 



.... Trichomes wanting 



Starch very abundant; simple, polygonal 



Granules small; elliptical aggregates present Oat and Rice 



Granules larger. Aggregates wanting Corn 



Starch wanting 



Cells highly mucilaginous 



Calcareous deposits. Effervesces with HC1 Chondrus 



No calcareous deposits. A few diatoms present Agar 



Cells not mucilaginous 



Epidermal cells (leaf and pericarp) many Opium 



Epidermal cells few or none Lactucarium 



Cellular structure glandular, yellow Lupulin 



Cellular structure spore-like, brown Lycopodium 



Pseudo-parenchyma. Trace of rye starch Ergot 



. . Cellular structures wanting. Cell-contents (starch) only 

 .... Starch granules not dextrinized 



Granules simple 



Larger granules spheroidal to discoid 



Hili of larger granules distinct Rye starch 



Hili very indistinct 



Granules larger Wheat starch 



Granules smaller Barley starch 



Granules polygonal 



Larger, distinct hili Corn starch 



Very small granules Rice starch 



Granules large, elliptical, ovoid Maranta and potato starch 



.... Starch granules dextrinized Dextrine 



. . Cellular structures and cell-contents wanting 

 .... More or less completely soluble in water 



Crystals deposited from aqueous solutions 



Prismatic and acicular crystals Catechu 



Acicular crystals 



Colorless solution Manna 



. : Colored solution 



