GENERAL NOTES 151 



the measurement is taken above the brow tine. The 

 tip to tip is of the topmost points ; the widest inside 

 is the greatest distance between the beams on their 

 inside. 



The spread is the greatest width, either between 

 the outside points, if these are beyond the beam, or 

 between the outside of the widest curve of the beam 

 if the points are within. 



The points include the total number on both 

 antlers. 



With the fallow-deer (2a), the palm at the end of 

 the antler is measured across the widest part of it 

 on the face. 



With the bison and cattle, etc. (2/;), (2c) and (2d), 

 the length is measured on the outside, i.e., underneath, 

 as opposed to the front-curve measurement of gnu ; 

 that is to say, the tape is placed on the under side 

 of the horn at its base and the curve followed round 

 to the tip on the outside. The circumference is taken 

 at or near the base. With the pronghorn the length 

 is of course taken as with deer. 



With reindeer the breadth of the brow tine should 

 also be measured, as this is often a feature of a 

 good head. 



One of the most remarkable heads amongst deer is 

 that of Pcre David's, in which the beam is compara- 

 tively short antl the first tine (at the back) remark- 

 ably long. Many have made the mistake of running 

 the tape along this instead of up the beam for the 



