BREEDS OF CATTLE 33 



about 1780. The men best known in the early history of 

 th( breed are Charles and Robert Colling, Thomas Bates, 

 Thomas Booth, and, more recently, Amos Cruickshank. In 

 developing this breed most attention was given to early 

 muturity and good beef qualities. At the same time cer- 

 tain breeders, especially Thomas Bates, were equally inter- 

 ested in developing a dual-purpose, or general-purpose, ani- 

 nic 1 in which the dairy qualities and the beef characteristics 

 should be well balanced. As a beef animal the Shorthorn 

 ranks in the first class. Within recent times the beef quali- 

 ties have been best developed in animals descended from the 

 he p d of Cruickshank. At the present time animals of this 

 breed seen in the show ring in America are of the most 

 pronounced beef type, and their popularity is based upon 

 their beef qualities. Certain strains, however, have been 

 developed by breeders who have maintained the milking 

 characteristic of the early type, and as a result at the present 

 time there is a fairly distinct milking type of pure-bred 

 Shorthorns found in large numbers in England and to a 

 limited extent in America. In recent years a number of 

 milk and butter records have been made by cows of this 

 breed that rank with the special dairy breeds. 



Herds selected and bred for dual-purpose should average 

 about 5000 pounds of milk per year with a fat content of 

 from 3.8 to 4 per cent. The highest record up to April 1, 

 1916, is held by Rose of Glenside, 18,075 pounds of milk and 

 625 pounds of fat in one year. 



The dual-purpose type does not have so good a beef 

 .conformation as the strains developed for beef. The beef 

 animals of this breed produce more milk than does the Here- 

 ford, Angus, or Galloway. The Shorthorn is more widely 

 distributed than any other breed, being widely used in 



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