34 DAIRY FARMING 



North and South America, South Africa, and Australia, as 

 well as in its native home. 



The colors may be pure red, pure white, red and white, or 

 roan. The color cannot be taken as in any way an indication 

 of the quality of the animal. The mature cows usually weigh 

 about 1400 pounds but may reach 1800 pounds or more. 

 They are larger than the cows of any other breed. 



Importations to America began as early as 1790, al- 

 though in small numbers until between 1830 and 1840 when 

 a large number were brought into Ohio. The American 

 Shorthorn Breeders' Association was established in 1882 and 

 since that time has looked after the interests of the breed. 

 More cattle of this breed have been registered than of any 

 other. 



29. Polled Durham. Polled Durham cattle are either 

 pure-bred Shorthorns or nearly so. They are of American 

 origin. The " Single Standard" Polled Durhams' were 

 originated by crossing native mulley cows with pure-bred 

 Shorthorns. After a certain number of crosses of Short- 

 horn blood these animals were registered in the Polled 

 Durham herdbook. The " Double Standard " Polled Dur- 

 hams are so called since they are eligible to registry in the 

 Shorthorn herdbookl They were originated from naturally 

 mulley cows which appeared in pure-bred Shorthorns. At 

 the present time the latter line of breeding has practically 

 superseded the former. They are in every respect the same 

 as Shorthorns except for the polled characteristics. They 

 are found in considerable numbers in the Central States 

 and have met with considerable favor on account of the 

 polled characteristics. 



30. Red Polled. Th's breed is classed as dual-purpose and 

 comes nearest at the present time, as a breed, to meeting the 



