SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE 51 



est importance in judging the milk-producing ability of the 



co\\ . It is not alone size, but active secreting cells that 



con at. For this reason a meaty hard udder that remains 



nen fly as large after milking as before is of little value. The 



udoer should have a long attachment to the body, extending 



well up in the rear and well forward in front. The quarters 



should be even in size without 



dec p indentations between, and 



the teats should be of proper size 



for convenient milking and evenly 



pla 3ed. When the cow is dry, it 



is impossible to judge accurately 



of 'he development of the udder. 



However, a large amount of loose 



ski a showing an abundance of 



room for expansion when the FIG n __ A well . formed 



udder is filled may be taken udder. Figs. 10 and n are 



. ,. ,. both high-producing cows. 



as an indication that the udder 



will develop in a satisfactory manner. Little can be judged 

 regarding the future size and shape of the udder in the calf 

 or heifer until the time for calving approaches. 



42. The Milk Veins and Milk Wells. Large milk veins 

 an; one of the indications of high milk production that should 

 be given careful attention. The blood after passing through 

 the udder and supplying the cells with material for secreting 

 milk starts back towards the heart through the milk veins. 

 The name, of course, is a misnomer since they carry blood, 

 not milk. One of these opens on either side near the front 

 of the udder and passes forward just beneath the skin. These 

 veins crook back and forth and sometimes separate into 

 two or more divisions and finally pass upward through 

 the wall of the abdomen into the body cavity. The por- 



