116 DAIRY FARMING 



month old. The calf does equally well for the first three or 

 four months with hay or with pasture grass for roughage. 



Another exceedingly important point is the necessity for 

 cleanliness of the pails and troughs used for calf feeding. A 

 good rule is to have the calf pails as clean as the milk pails. 

 The barn or stalls must also be clean and light. Dark, damp, 

 or dirty stalls often result in serious sickness. The best 

 part of the barn should be used for the calf pens. The 

 raising of the calf on skim-milk may be summarized as 

 follows : 



1. Take the calf from its mother not later than the third 

 day. 



2. Feed mother's milk for two weeks, then change gradu- 

 ally to skim-milk. 



3. Especially avoid overfeeding. Keep the calf a little 

 hungry, and make sure that each calf receives its proper 

 amount. 



4. Feed the skim-milk warm and fresh every time. 



5. Feed dry grain, preferably com meal, as soon as the 

 calf will take it. 



6. Keep the utensils and stalls clean at all times. 



110. Raising Calves when Whole Milk is Sold. The 

 main difficulty in calf raising where whole milk is sold on the 

 market is the matter of expense. 



To raise a calf on whole milk means that the milk consumed 

 may be greater in value than the calf raised. If the calf is fed 

 whole milk as freely as skim-milk is given, it would consume 

 2000 to 2500 pounds before it is weaned. At SI. 50 per hun- 

 dredweight, the feed up to six months would represent a 

 value of $30 to $38. It is evident that this sum can be 

 expended with profit only on very valuable calves. 



As a result of this situation the practice of not raising even 



