228 DAIRY FARMING 



1. All feed bought, no crops raised, nothing but milk and 

 discarded cows sold. 



2. Nothing but roughage raised. 



3. Roughage and all or part of the grain raised. 



4. Same as 2, but with some cash crop or other product 

 sold. 



5. Same as 3, with some cash crop or other product sold. 



6. With any of the above methods, the cows may be raised 

 or may be purchased. 



7. The cows may be pure-bred so that there is a consid- 

 erable income from the sale of stock. 



In general, each of the above types is more profitable than 

 the preceding, provided the conditions are favorable for it. 



203. All Feed Purchased. Some dairy cows are kept in 

 cities. Most of these are kept to supply milk for home use, 

 but some large dairies are maintained where all feed must be 

 purchased. Usually the cows are fed largely on factory by- 

 products that are not readily shipped. But sometimes or- 

 dinary feeds are purchased. The high price received for 

 the milk sometimes makes such an enterprise profitable. 

 Calves are very rarely raised in cities, because feed is too 

 expensive. Ordinarily it is cheaper to produce the milk in 

 the country where pastures are available. It costs less to 

 ship milk than it does to ship the hay and other feed required 

 to make it. 



204. Nothing but Roughage Raised. This system is 

 very common in the hilly and mountainous parts of the 

 Eastern States. A better system is not easy to devise for 

 some regions where the land is not adapted to any crop ex- 

 cept hay and pasture and where the fields are all so small 

 and rough as to prevent the profitable growth of other crops. 



Because of the small amount of field work, it is not often 





