230 DAIRY FARMING 



better to raise the grain feed than nothing. But if instead 

 of raising the grain, one can raise cash crops that will pay 

 the feed bill several times over, he should certainly choose 

 the latter course. Hay is another good cash crop for dairy 

 farms near large cities. Most of the highly successful dairy 

 farms in New York and New England sell some crops, as do 

 many of the farms in other sections. Some of these farms 

 also raise all their grain feed, but most of them buy a consider- 

 able part of it. (See Farm Records on pages 242 and 285.) 



Farther from the cities the cash crops are more likely to 

 be grain or grain marketed through hogs. This is the most 

 commonly profitable type of dairy farming in the corn-belt. 

 It is certain to increase greatly in that region. All of the 

 roughage and most of the grain is raised for, all of the farm 

 stock. A little cottonseed meal, or other nitrogenous feed, 

 is purchased to balance the ration. Much more corn is 

 raised than can be fed to the cows. This is sold or is fed to 

 hogs. If skim-milk is available for hog feed, the conditions 

 are particularly favorable for hog production. (See Farm 

 Records, page 281.) 



MANAGEMENT OF MANURE 



The success of the dairy farm is in no small measure de- 

 pendent on the use that is made of the important by-product, 

 manure. 



207. Amount of Manure Produced. Under the direction 

 of the writer, R. E. Deuel determined the amount of manure 

 produced by a herd of 46 cows of different breeds and ages, 

 averaging 1008 pounds in weight. He found that excrement 

 was produced at the rate of 13f tons per year. Some years 

 ago Roberts found the amount to be 13.5 tons per 1000- 

 pound animal. In each case a little over one ton of bedding 



