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DAIRY FARMING 



formation. While there still may be differences of opin- 

 ion among breeders as to minor points, these are really 

 of little consequence. The points that go to make up 

 the ideal type will be treated under six heads: (i) dairy 

 temperament; (2) feeding capacity; (3) constitution; 

 (4) milk organs; (5) quality; and (6) pelvic region. 



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Fig. 1. Points of a Dairy Cow. 



1. Muzzle. 2. Forehead. 3. Neck. 4. Withers. 5. Back. 6. Loins. 

 7. Hip. 8. Pelvic arch. 9. Rump. 10. Pin bone. 11. Shoulder. 12. Chest. 

 13. Heart Girth. 14. Side. 15. Belly. 16. Flank. 17. Milk well. 18. Milk 

 vein. 19. Fore udder. 20. Udder. 21. Teats. 22. Hind udder. 23. Thigh. 



Dairy Temperament. This is indicated by a rather 

 spare, angular form ; large, bright, expressive eyes, far 

 apart and placid ; a rather long, clean face slightly dished ; 

 forehead wide and rather long; wide juncture of head 

 and neck; a large, straight, prominent backbone with 

 well defined spinal processes; ribs and vertebrae wide 

 apart ; sharp withers ; spare, incurving thighs ; and a high 

 arching flank : all of which indicates strong nerve develop- 

 ment, or power to do work. 



Feeding Capacity. This is indicated by a long, broad, 

 deep, capacious barrel, showing well sprung ribs diverging 

 toward the rear; a broad muzzle; and a strong jaw. 



