94 DAIRY FARMING 



troubles and is certain to increase the comfort of cows 

 during the cold season. 



Size of Stalls. An average-sized cow requires a stall 

 3^2 feet wide and 4^/2 feet long. In nearly all herds, 

 however, there are some cows larger and some smaller 

 than the average. It is important, therefore, that one 

 row of stalls be made to taper somewhat from one end 

 to the other. For example, the stalls at one end may 

 have dimensions 3 / x3 / io // , which would nicely accommo- 

 date two-year-old Jersey heifers. From this end the 

 dimensions may be gradually increased until they reach 

 4'x4'io" at the opposite end. The latter dimensions 

 would accommodate large Holstein-Friesian cows. 



Mangers. These should be constructed with four 

 points in view: (i) they should be easily cleanable; 



(2) they should be provided with movable partitions so 

 as to prevent cows from stealing feed from each other; 



(3) they should be large enough to prevent cows from 

 scattering their feed over the barn floor; and (4) the top 

 should be below the cows' noses so as not to interfere 

 too much with the circulation of the air in front of the 

 cows. 



All of the above features are embodied in the manger 

 illustrated in Fig. 22. This manger the Author has had 

 placed in the college dairy barn and has found it highh 

 satisfactory in all respects. The aim was to secure a 

 thoroughly efficient manger with as small an outlay of 

 capital as possible. Its construction is as follows: The 

 lower three inches are built into the concrete floor. The 

 superstructure, which is 20 inches high, 18 inches wide 

 at the floor and 36 inches wide at the top, is built of 

 24 -inch matched lumber, except the partitions which are 

 built of i ^ -inch lumber. Both sides of the lumber are 



