96 DAIRY FARMING 



in removing the manure. Gutters should be perfectly 

 tight to prevent loss of liquid manure. 



Ventilation. The best method of stable ventilation 

 is that devised by F. H. King. The essential features 

 of this method are the admission of the fresh air near 

 the ceiling, and the withdrawal of the impure air from 

 near the floor, as illustrated in Figs. 24 and 25. The 

 object of admitting the cold, fresh air near the ceiling 

 is to warm it before reaching the cows, by contact with 

 the warm air at the ceiling. By having the main air 

 exits near the floor, less heat will be lost than would be 

 the case if the exits were placed at the ceiling; besides 

 it is argued that a considerable amount of the impurities 

 of the air are found at the floor to which the cows' breath 

 is constantly directed. Recent experiments seem to in- 

 dicate, however, that at least so far as carbonic acid gas 

 is concerned, most of this gas is found at the ceiling. 



Whether most of the impurities are found at the ceil- 

 ing or at the floor, it seems advisable to reinforce the 

 exits at the floor, by placing a ventilator opening pro- 

 vided with a register at the middle of the ceiling so 

 that some air may be withdrawn from this point. Dur- 

 ing very cold weather it may be desirable to reduce this 

 exit to a minimum by closing the register, but during 

 warm weather, or when it is desired to lower the barn 

 temperature, it should be opened entirely. By having 

 one large opening at the middle of the ceiling, there is 

 less likelihood of removing any fresh, incoming air than 

 would be the case if numerous smaller exits were placed 

 near the wall and opening into the same shaft that takes 

 up the floor air, an arrangement not infrequently recom- 

 mended and used. 



The number and location of inlets and outlets (except 



