THE DAIRY HERD 111 



animals. If an animal is known to be affected with some 

 transmissible disease, its prompt removal will usually 

 spare the rest of the animals in the herd from the dis- 

 ease, especially if such removal is accompanied by proper 

 methods of disinfection. The latter refers to the destruc- 

 tion of the causal agents of the disease by the use of 

 germicides or disinfectants, substances which have the 

 power of killing bacteria and allied organisms. 



Disinfectants. The following is a list of well-known 

 disinfectants : 



1. Boiling water applied for 20 minutes. 



2. A 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid. 



3. A 2 per cent solution of zenolium. 



4. A 2 per cent solution of chloro-naptholeum. 



5. A 5 per cent solution of copper sulfate. 



6. A solution of 1-2000 of mercuric chloride. 



7. A 2 per cent solution of creolin. 



8. A i-iooo solution of chlorid of zinc 



Purgatives. A purgative is a substance used to in- 

 duce action of the bowels. Among the common purga- 

 tives the following may be mentioned: I to 2 pints of 

 raw linseed oil ; a mixture of I pound of Epsom salts 

 and i to 2 ounces of ginger dissolved in 2 pints of warm 

 water; I pound of Glauber salts dissolved in water; or 

 I pint of castor oil. 



As a rule the best thing to do at the first signs of ill- 

 ness, such as loss of appetite, failure to chew the cud, 

 dull eyes, dry muzzle, parched skin, rough coat, etc., 

 is to administer a good purgative. This alone is fre- 

 quently sufficient to relieve the trouble. 



