16 THE DAIHY OF THE FARM. 



acre of whole grass and the aftermath of another acre which 

 had been mown for winter hay will in the former case be suffi- 

 cient for a cow; and double that extent will be needed in the 

 latter case. The cow will thus receive fully of a cwt. of hay 

 daily during the five winter months. In Gloucestershire 

 this is generally given it in the field ; the cattle being 

 foddered morning and evening unsheltered ; and 2 J tons of 

 hay a head are considered an ample winter's allowance. 

 In Cheshire the dairy cows are more generally received 

 into yards and stalls during winter : 2J or 3 acres of grass 

 land per cow are the general allowance in order to supply 

 sufficient summer pasturage and winter provender ; but the 

 dairy farms in that county generally have a larger proportion 

 of arable land attached to them, and it is common to give 

 the cows turnips, mangold wurzel, and straw, as well as hay. 

 The late Mr. Palin of Tarvin, near Chester, stated that his 

 cows being gradually brought into yards towards winter, as 

 the yield of milk ceases, are fed in stalls, first on man- 

 gold wurzel leaves, then on turnip-tops, and then succes- 

 sively on turnips, swedes, and mangold wurzel, along with 

 cut straw and hay chaff. The feeding of dairy cows in 

 Wigtonshire, includes If acre of pasture during summer, 

 4 tons of turnips during winter, and 2 bushels of beans 

 given as bean-meal at spring time of the year. In Fifeshire, 

 the annual feeding of the dairy cow is put at 2 J acres of 

 grass, 9 or 10 tons of turnips, and 30 cwts. of oat straw as 

 fodder, together with 1 ton of wheat straw as litter. It is 

 the practice now to treat the cow much more liberally 

 during the winter months and when she is dry than used 

 to be the rule. The bare condition in which, after calving, 

 the cow was often turned out to grass in spring is now 

 quite understood to be bad farm management. The large 



