FOOD OF THE COW. 31 



easily kept in winter than in summer. It is for summer 

 food that the difficulty will be felt. Let half the sainfoin 

 and nearly half the grass land be mown each year, and 

 5 acres of the arable land be in clover, to be cut and 

 carried to the cattle in the house. The 30 acres of arable 

 land may be divided into 6 fields of 5 acres each. 1st 

 year, wheat sown with clover seeds ; 2nd year, clover ; 

 3rd year, swedes ; 4th year, wheat ; 5th year, mangold 

 wurzel ; 6th year, carrots. 



Summer food. Winter food. 



5 acres of clover ... 60 tons. 

 5 , swedes .... 100 tons. 



5 



5 



5 



15 



mangold wurzel . . 80 ,, and 80 



carrots .... 30 ,, ,, 30 



sainfoin . . 30 ,, ,, 30 



meadow ... 80 . 60 



280 300 



Of course the 60 tons of grass produce put down to the 

 column of winter food is given as hay, but that does not 

 affect its valuation as food. Here, then, by so much arable 

 produce we might be able to provide daily food through- 

 out the year equal to the maintenance of a herd of 20 to 

 25 cows on a poor farm of 50 acres. A medium farm of 

 50 acres wholly of pasture would not, as a general rule, 

 keep more than two-thirds of the stock for which food is 

 thus provided. The crops supposed are heavy, but land 

 liberally cultivated under such a rotation ought to yield 

 good crops. 



(2.) The following is the case of a dairy farm of 35 acres 

 of meadow and 25 acres of arable land. The cows are 

 stall, box, or shed-fed during winter and during part of 

 spring and autumn. Suppose them to be under shelter 



