MILK. 61 



been perfectly good. The turnips are swedes or Aberdeen 

 yellows, and lie takes them up in October and carefully cuts 

 off every bit of leaf and root, and stacks them in a dry 

 cellar in his cow-yard ; if every bit of leaf be not carefully 

 cut off it will taint the milk. 



No. 14 says : Let the dairymaid, before going to milk 

 her cows, place on the fire her kettle filled with water ; and 

 on her return to the dairy with the new milk, add to every 

 gallon of milk a sixteenth, or half-pint of boiling water ; 

 stir both a minute or two, and after a short interval pour 

 them out into the lead, earthenware, or (as the case may 

 be) glass bowls. I practised this method the whole of last 

 winter (and am doing the same now), when my cows had as 

 many swede turnips as they could eat, and not the slightest 

 trace of the turnip flavour can be discovered. The water 

 must be boiling when added, or the experiment fails. 



As an additional cause of distaste in milk, we refer to the 

 so-called "bulling" of the cows, a periodical excitement, 

 which disturbs the whole system, and seems to be the only 

 explanation possible of some cases of bad milk and butter, 

 especially of those which occur when the cows are first 

 turned out to grass after calving. 



Adulterations of Milk are confined to admixtures of 

 water, or of portions of skim-milk. Adulterations of these 

 kinds are still not uncommonly practised, as the records of 

 our police courts abundantly testify. Under recent legis- 

 lation all sales of food are presumed to be under the 

 inspection of qualified analytical officers ; and of milk, as 

 of other articles, analyses are continually being made when 

 there is reason to suspect dishonesty, under which any 

 abnormal poverty of milk is immediately detected. And 



