23 DARWINISM TO-DAY. 



the ontogenic adaptive modifications are collected and become 

 phylogenic. Thus there would result an apparent but not real 

 transmission of acquired characters." 



10 Morgan, C. L., "Habit and Instinct," pp. 312 ff., 1896; see also 

 Science, pp. 793 ff., Nov., 1896. In Appendix C of Baldwin's "De- 

 velopment and Evolution," p. 347, 1902, is the following clear 

 statement (in letter to Baldwin) of Morgan's conception of organic 

 selection : 



"i. On the Lamarckian hypothesis, racial progress is due to the 

 inheritance of individually acquired modifications of bodily struct- 

 ure, leading to the accommodation of the organism or race to the 

 conditions of its existence. 



"2. This proposition is divisible into three: (a) Individual prog- 

 ress is due to fresh modifications of bodily structure in accommo- 

 dation to the conditions of life, (b) Racial progress is due to the 

 inheritance of such newly acquired modifications, (c) The evolu- 

 tion of species is the result of the cumulative series 



< 'a>b+a'>b'+a">b"+a'">b'", etc., etc., where a. a', a", a'" are 

 the acquisitions, and b, b', b", b'" the cumulative inherited results. 



"3. Anti-Lamarckians do not accept (b) and (c). But they 

 accept (a) in terms of survival. No one denies that individual 

 survival is partially due to fresh modifications of bodily structure 

 in accommodation to the conditions of life. 



"4. It logically follows from 3 that individual accommodation is a 

 factor in survival which cooperates with adaptation through ger- 

 minal variation. 



"Weismann, following the lead of Roux, interpreted individual 

 modification in terms of intra-selection. He clearly saw the impli- 

 cation given in 4 above. Speaking of 'the well-known instance of 

 the gradual increase in the development of deers' antlers/ he says 

 (Romanes Lecture, 1894, p. 18) : 'It is by no means necessary 

 that all the parts concerned should simultaneously adapt them- 

 selves by variation of the germ to the increase in size of the antlers ; 

 for in each separate individual the necessary adaptation [accommo- 

 dation] will be temporarily accomplished by intra-selection by the 

 struggle of parts under the trophic influence of functional 

 stimulus/ 



"6. So far there is no direct relation between specific modifications 

 and specific variations. Individual accommodation, as a factor 

 in survival, affords time (Weismann, op. cit., p. 19) for the occur- 

 rence of any variations of an adaptive nature. 



"7. My own modest contribution to the further elucidation of 

 the subject is the suggestion (i) that where adaptive variation v 

 is similar in direction to individual modification m, the organism 



