OTHER THEORIES OF SPECIES-FORMING. 291 



Darwin,' where there is also given a careful analysis of Brown- 

 Sequard's results, as well as the outcome of the experiments of 

 Romanes himself. The summary is as follows: 



"i. 'Appearance of epilepsy in animals born of parents which had 

 been rendered epileptic by an injury to the spinal-cord. 



"2. 'Appearance of epilepsy also in animals born of parents 

 which had been rendered epileptic by section of the sciatic nerve. 



"3. 'A change in the shape of the ear in animals born of parents 

 in which such a change was the effect of a division of the cervical 

 sympathetic nerve. 



"4. 'Partial closure of the eyelids in animals born of parents in 

 which that state of the eyelids had been caused either by section 

 of the cervical sympathetic nerve, or the removal of the superior 

 cervical ganglion. 



"5. 'Exophthalmia in animals born of parents in which an injury 

 to the restiform body had produced that protrusion of the eyeball. 

 This interesting fact I have witnessed a good many times, and seen 

 the transmission of the morbid state of the eye continue through 

 four generations. In these animals modified by heredity, the two 

 eyes generally protruded, although of the parents usually only one 

 showed exophthalmia, the lesion having been made in most cases 

 only on one of the corpora restiformia. 



"6. 'Hsematoma and dry gangrene of the ears in animals born 

 of parents in which these ear alterations had been caused by an 

 injury to the restiform body near the nib of the calamus. 



"7. 'Absence of two toes out of the three of the hind-leg, and 

 sometimes of the three, in animals whose parents had eaten up 

 their hind-leg toes, which had become anaesthetic from a section 

 of the sciatic nerve alone, or of that nerve and also of the crural. 

 Sometimes, instead of complete absence of the toes, only a part 

 of one or two or three was missing in the young, although in 

 the parent not only the toes, but the whole foot was absent 

 (partly eaten off, partly destroyed by inflammation, ulceration, or 

 gangrene). 



"8. 'Appearance of various morbid states of the skin and hair 

 of the neck and face in animals born of parents having had similar 

 alterations in the same parts as effects of an injury to the sciatic 

 nerve.' 



"Romanes, who later went over the same ground, in part under 

 the immediate direction of Brown-Sequard himself, has made some 

 important observations in regard to these results, many of which 

 he was able to confirm. 



"He did not repeat the experiment of cutting the cord, but he 

 found that, to produce epilepsy, it was only necessary to cut the 



