358 DARWINISM TO-DAY. 



'Mauchamp-merino.' It is interesting, as showing how generally 

 any marked deviation of structure is accompanied by other devia- 

 tions, that the first ram and his immediate offspring were of small 

 size, with large heads, long necks, narrow chests, and long flanks, 

 but these blemishes were removed by judicious crosses and selec- 

 tion. The long smooth wool was also correlated with smooth horns ; 

 and as horns and hair are homologous structures, we can under- 

 stand the meaning of this correlation. If the Mauchamp and ancon 

 breeds had originated a century or two ago, we should have no 

 record of their birth ; and many a naturalist would no doubt have 

 insisted, especially in the case of the Mauchamp race, that they had 

 each descended from, or been crossed with, some unknown aborig- 

 inal form." 



The Paraguay cattle are a hornless race which is composed of 

 the descendants of a hornless bull which was born in Paraguay in 

 1770. 



A recent interesting case wholly parallel with those just recorded, 

 is that of the Polled Herefords originating in 1889 in Kansas, U. 

 S. A,. (see Guthrie, W. W., "History of Polled Herefords," in Proc. 

 Am. Breeders' Assoc., Vol. II, pp. 93-95* 1906). 



"In the fall of 1889, W. W. Guthrie, -Sr., of Atchison, Kansas, 

 now deceased, discovered among the calves that had been weaned 

 A recent ex- at ^ s ranc ^ in Chase County, Kansas, one with Here- 

 ample of race ford markings which was perfectly polled. In his 

 origin from a herd were purebred Shorthorn as well as purebred 

 sport in cattle, Hereford cows. Two purebred Hereford bulls were 

 at the head of the herd. This calf was the product of a three- 

 quarter Hereford and one-quarter Shorthorn cow by one of the 

 two purebred Hereford bulls, Grateful 3d, No. 8,001, and Treasurer, 

 No. 10,585. Discovery, as the calf was subsequently named, was a 

 well-formed animal, with a good loin, and well-developed hind- 

 quarters, and had the Hereford colour and markings, with body 

 more on the type of the Shorthorn. At three years of age he 

 weighed, without special feeding, 1,986 Ibs. 



"It then occurred to Mr. Guthrie that by using this animal he 

 might in time establish a herd of polled Herefords, and that the 

 experiment was at least worth trying. Shortly afterwards, he 

 happened to meet on the train Chancellor Snow, of the Kansas 

 State University, on his way to lecture before the Atchison High 

 School on evolution, and during their several hours conversation 

 discussed with him the proposition of animal architecture. The 

 Chancellor agreed that the proposition of establishing a polled 

 Hereford herd was one worth considering, and Mr. Guthrie deter- 

 mined to carry out his ideas along this line. 



