FORESTRY LESSONS ON HOME WOODLANDS. 39 



A. Leaves needle-shaped Continued. 



(2) Leaves single Continued. 



(c) Leaves often in two rows on the tops and sides of the 

 twigs ; leaves on lower branches mostly flat, those on 

 upper branches stouter. Cones long, erect, forming 

 only on upper side of topmost branches; the scales 

 falling off in autumn, leaving spike-like central axes 

 of the cones attached (Abies) Fir. 



B. Leaves scale-like, pointed, overlapping closely on flat or four-sided twigs. 



(1) Twigs four-sided. Cones round or ball-like, with small, thick 



scales; seed with very narrow, hard wings (Cupressus) Cypress. 



(2) Twigs flattened. 



(a) Cones elongated, with only a few thin scales; bent back 



on branches (Thuja) Arborvitse. 



( & ) Cones round, very small, berry-like w r ith thin scales ; seeds 

 with a broad, thin wing on two sides. 



(Chamsecyparis) Cedar. 



(c) Cones berry-like (showing no separation into scaly parts), 

 Leaves either short, scale-like, and sharp-jointed, or 

 much longer, needle-like, standing out loosely, and at- 

 tached in pairs or in threes on the twigs. 



(Juniperus) Juniper. 

 THE BROADLEAF TREES. 



II. LEAVES SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, WITH TOOTHED EDGES. 



A. Leaves deeply lobed, or with large notches. 



'!) Leaves as wide as they are long. Fruit, a swinging ball, 1 to 1 

 inches in diameter. 



(a) Leaves with finely toothed margins; star-shaped, the di- 



visions pointed. Fruit, bur-like balls, from which, when 

 ripe, small, winged seeds may be shaken. Bark rough. 



(Liquidambar) Sweet gum. 



(&) Leaves with smooth margins, 3 to 5 inches long, pointed 

 lobes, the space between the lobes rounded. Fruit, a 

 rough ball, easily broken when ripe ; composed of closely 

 packed, long, narrow seeds which have hair-like bristles 

 at their lower ends and are attached to a bullet-like 

 central part. Old bark of trunks and large limbs peel- 

 ing off in thin, curled pieces, leaving pale inner bark 



showing in irregular patches (Platanus) Sycamore. 



(2) Leaves longer than wide. 



(#) Leaves large, with deep, round-topped, or pointed lobes. 

 Fruit, an acorn, resting in a separable cup. 



(Quercus) Oak. 



(b) Leaves small, with little, sharp teeth on margin. Twigs 



bearing sharp thorns. Fruit small (like a little apple), 

 round, with bony seeds (hard core). 



(Cratsegus) Hawthorn. 



B. Leaves one-sided (one side of leaf shorter at base than the other side). 



(1) Leaves large; oval, 5 to 10 inches long, heart-shaped. Fruit, a 

 cluster of small, woody balls to \ inch in diameter, hang- 

 ing from a narrow, leaf-like blade __(Tilia) Basswood. 



