FOREST EXPLOITATION. 29 



Previous Treatment of Forests in France* (pp. 45-47) ; and in 

 Introduction to the Study of Modern Forest Economy^ (pp. 165- 

 186). 



In the latter I have embodied the following extracts 

 from a paper read by Captain (now Lieutenant-Colonel) 

 Campbell- Walker before the Otago Institute in Dunedin, 

 New Zealand, on December 21, 1876, entitled State 

 Forestry : its Aim and Object He says in regard to the 

 way in which operations are initiated in Germany and 

 France : 



' When a forest is about to be taken in hand and worked 

 systematically, a surveyor and valuator from the forest 

 staff' are despatched to the spot the former working 

 under the directions of the latter, who places himself in 

 communication with the local forest officer (if there be 

 one), the local officials and the inhabitants interested, and 

 obtains from them all the information in his power. The 

 surveyor first surveys the whole district or tract, then the 

 several blocks or subdivisions as pointed out by' the 

 valuator, who defines them according to the description 

 and age of the timber then standing, the situation, nature 

 of soil, climate, and any other conditions affecting the 

 rate of growth and nature of the crops which it may be 

 advisable to grow in future years. Whilst the surveyor 

 is engaged in demarcating and surveying these blocks, 

 the valuator is employed in making valuations of the 

 standing crop, calculating the annual rate of growth, 

 inquiring into and forming a register of rights and servi- 

 tudes with a view to their communication, considering the 



* French' Forest Ordinance of 1660 ; with Historical Sketch of Previous Treatment 

 of Forests in France. The early history of forests in France is given, with details of 

 devastations of these going 1 on in the first half of the seventeenth century ; with a trans- 

 lation of the Ordinance of 1669, which is the basis of modern forest, economy ; and 

 notices of forest exploitation in Jardinage, in La Methode d Tire et Aire, and in La 

 Methode des Compartiments. 



\ Introduction to the Study of Modern Forest Economy. In this there are brought 

 under consideration the extensive destruction of forests which has taken place in 

 Europe and elsewhere, with notices of disastrous consequences which have followed 

 diminished supply of timber and firewood, droughts, floods, landslips, and sand-drifts 

 and notices of the appliances of modern forest science successfully to counteract these 

 evils by conservation, planting, and improved exploitation, under scientific administra- 

 tion and management. 



