46 FORESTRY IN POLAND. 



In forests In 



at large. mine forests. 



Foresters' annual salary, 525 roubles. 600 roubles. 

 Assistant or clerk, - 90 ,, 100 ,, 



Sub-Forester, - - 180-225 250 



' The total expense of the forest management was 



In 1865, - - - 119, 143 roubles. 

 1861, - - - 122,755 

 1867, - - - 120,022 



Or on an average, 120,640 roubles a year. 



' The activity and work of the Polish forester is, in 

 general, much below that of the Russian corresponding 

 official. The reason is two-fold : (1) The excessive cen- 

 tralisation of the forest administration ; and (2) connected 

 therewith the bureaucratic character of the administration. 

 ' Through this the foresters are almost deprived of respon- 

 sibility. They must obtain authority for the most trifling 

 act, and even in cases in which the forester is allowed to 

 act on his own responsibility, the writings or documents 

 extend to ridiculous dimensions. Count Berg, on be- 

 coming acquainted with the administration and actual 

 management of forests in Poland, remarked that he had 

 never even dreamed of meeting with such voluminous and 

 innumerable documents as were the communications of 

 Polish foresters. From this arise great complications and 

 confusion. For example, there occurs a case of theft for 

 which a fine is imposed in this case all the particulars 

 must be detailed in writing twelve times ; and should the 

 accused resist payment, so that extreme measures must be 

 adopted, the correspondence is endless. 



' All of the Crown forests, with the exception of those 

 taken over from the clergy of the Church of Rome, are 

 managed systematically, and exploited in accordance with 

 the advanced forest science of the day. This arrangement 

 was effected within the period included in the years 1824 



