AREA, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT, &c. 53 



Giving an average annual income for these 



years of 497,883 roubles. 



And an average annual expenditure of 182,150 



Nett proceeds, 297,733 



' This is equal to 42 kopecs of clear revenue from every 

 desatin of forest land, marshes, and lands, assigned to the 

 employe's, all included. Comparing this result with the 

 results reported in the annual report of the Forest Admin- 

 istration in Russia for 1866, it appears that from the 

 forests of Poland there is obtained a nett revenue equal 

 to that derived from the forests in the Governments of 

 Moscow and Bessarabia. It is below what is obtained 

 from the forests in the Governments of Kaluga, of Tula, 

 of Voronetz, and Poltava ; but all of the other 43 Govern- 

 ments of Russia yield a less revenue than does the king- 

 dom of Poland/ 



The statements made are a free translation, with omis- 

 sions, from the report by M. Bitney ; and to protect him 

 from responsibility for errors in translation the narrative 

 form has in some places been made use of. 



Of trees indigenous to Poland it was stated in a letter 

 addressed by Mr Hove, a native of Poland, to Sir John 

 Sinclair, when he was compiling his Report on the Agri- 

 cultural State and Political Condition of Scotland : 



' In Poland there are three sorts of oaks, the quercus 

 robur, or the common oak ; the cerris ; and another sort, 

 with which I have not met anywhere else on my travels in 

 Europe, except on the river Bug ; this is the sort which 

 supplies the English navy with their crown planks. This 

 tree has hardly any lateral branches in its infant state, 

 which are so common to all the other known sorts. After 

 having raised itself from the acorn to the height of seven 

 feet, it assumes a diagonal form, or position, and the tops 

 of such trees in the plantations are quite entangled with 

 each other ; but, on arriving at the age of fifteen or six- 

 teen years, they acquire a height of from twenty-four to 

 thirty feet, begin to form a crown, gradually erect them- 



