SCHOOLS OF rORESTRY. 61 



economy and agriculture, the other to the study of forest 

 science and forestry, with a farm, a forest, and an exten- 

 sive domain attached to it, the whole being placed under 

 the Minister of Public Instruction at Warsaw. 



' The staff of officials includes a director, an inspector, 

 five professors, eight tutors, and three teachers, a labora- 

 tory superintendent, a mechanic, a foreman of the work- 

 shop, a land steward or manager of the estate, a gardener 

 and assistant, a surgeon, a secretary, a book-keeper, and a 

 superintendent of buildings. 



' The director, nominated by the Minister of Instruction, 

 is at the head of the Institute, having the direction of 

 everything connected with it. The inspector, similarly 

 appointed, has corresponding duties. They, together with 

 the professors, constitute the council of management. 

 No professor can hold two chairs, and any of them after 

 twenty-five years may be again and again re-appointed for 

 successive terms of five years each. The laboratory superin- 

 tendent has charge of all the laboratories of the Institute. 

 The mechanic has charge of all the implements. 



* At meetings of council, under the presidency of the 

 director, all questions are decided by vote, and in certain 

 cases the vote may be taken by ballot. 



'A board of management, consisting of the director, 

 inspector, and two professors, has the charge of expendi- 

 tures to the amount of 300 roubles, say 37 10s, to be 

 sanctioned by the director ; the expenditure of sums between 

 1000 and 5000 roubles, say 125 to 625, require the 

 sanction of the council, and the expenditure of sums 

 above this amount that of the Ministry. These meetings 

 are held weekly. 



'The general instruction embraces geometry and prac- 

 tical mechanics, geodesy, plan drawing and land survey- 

 ing, physics, meteorology and climatology, chemistry, 

 zoology, botany, mineralogy, agricultural technology, soil, 

 cubic increase of trees by growth, architecture, political 

 economy, and statistics of Russia ; laws of land tenure and 

 more particularly of the tenure of land in Poland ; book- 



