148 FORESTRY IN LITHUANIA. 



of forest material. For instance, if a horse working day 

 is worth 40 kopecs, and the timber is prepared 4 versts 

 from the river, the cartage of a beam 9 archines by 7 

 vershocks, of coniferous kinds, will be 10 kopecs, because a 

 one horse cart will bring four beams per day ; but in 

 winter, from the scarcity of work, a horse working day 

 may be 30, even 25 kopecs, then the cartage will cost 

 about 7 kopecs ; the cartage over 10 versts will be 20 and 

 24 kopecs, and over 16 versts 30 and 40 kopecs. The 

 difference is more noticed in those cases where large 

 materials are transported, requiring several horses. 



' When the distance of the principal mart is determined 

 then the cost of a one horse cart per day is determined. 

 In this case the taxation of wood comes into contact with 

 the general official prices, which can be taken as a 

 groundwork, or at least is taken into consideration. 



' In transporting to great distances the price per pood for 

 transport to a given mart then must be considered ; in trans- 

 port by water in ships the freight per pood ; and in transport 

 by rafts, the number of days they were on the way, and the 

 number of workmen required for each raft. The price of 

 working day by the general prices may give a means to 

 determine the cost of transport. 



' The distance of the estate by water from a given market 

 can be determined with great accuracy and ease with the 

 assistance of the charts of the General Staff and of 

 Poltoratsky and Ilyin.* 



' The third basis for forming estimates, which at present 

 it is difficult to obtain, but which in future will be easy, are 

 the market prices for forest materials. These prices are 

 subject to different changes, and if these changes were 

 reported each time one could judge pretty accurately of the 

 value of the forest materials ; but generally these prices 

 are not noted, and in making estimates there are raked 

 up some data from memory ; and mistakes are of course 



* The Government has published a chart of Russia by Schoubert (scale of ten versts 

 per inch), and on the same scale a particular atlas of the Russian Empire by 

 Poltoratsky, 



