FOREST LANDS. 261 



desatins, the area of crown forests is 458,963 desatins, 

 giving for every square verst 35 '4 desatins of forests, and 

 19 desatins of crown forests giving 1*4 desatins of the 

 former, and '7 desatins of the latter, for every inhabitant 

 of the province. The annual fellings in the crown 

 forests yield 61 '8 cubic feet of wood, and 52 roubles 9 

 kopecs per desatin. 



On crossing the Dwina, travelling eastward, we enter 

 Livonia, a province, the physical aspect of which is 

 different, and also the people, who manifest more of an 

 Estonian character, while their language is designated 

 Dorpat Estonian, in contradistinction to that spoken in 

 Estonia, which is designated Revel Estonian. 



According to official returns which I obtained at the 

 same time with those already cited, the total area of 

 forests in Livonia is 1,896,000 desatins ; the area of crown 

 forests is 195,711 desatins ; giving for every square verst 

 47'4 desatins of the former, and 4'8 desatins of the latter, 

 and giving 1/9 desatins of the former, and 0*2 desatins of 

 the latter for every inhabitant of the province. The 

 annual fellings in the crown forests yield 30'7 cubic feet 

 of fuel ; and the revenue is 32 roubles 1 kopec per desatin. 



By a boundary imperceptible to the passing stranger is 

 Livonia separated from Estonia, the province situated 

 further to the east, with Revel for its capital. 



In Estonia the total area of forests is 450,000 desatins, 

 the area of crown forests is 4,556 desatins, giving for 

 every square verst of territory 26 4 desatins of forests and 

 0*2 desatins of crown forests, and giving 1*3 desatins of 

 the former and 01 desatins of the latter for every inhabi- 

 tant of the province. The annual fellings in the crown 

 forests yield 44 2 cubic feet, and the revenue is 20 roubles 

 6 kopecs per desatin. 



Both in Courland and Estonia are extensive forests of the 

 lime tree, and these have given rise to much local 

 industry, but, as has been intimated, there are also forests 

 yielding both forest timber and firewood. 



