24 FORESTRY WOEK 



tions much easier. The stones taken out can be used in 

 making the cart-road in the nursery. The tools used in 

 trenching are the common spade, shovel, and pick, with 

 a mattock if roots are present. 



Malting the Roads and Paths. 



The roads which are to bear the traffic of loaded carts 

 must be made fairly solid. This can be done by taking 

 off the top soil to the depth of 5 or 6 inches and filling 

 up the space left with the larger stones taken out in trench- 

 ing the nursery, or with any rough rubble or broken 

 brickwork that may be within easy carting distance. 

 These should be well rolled and given a covering of the 

 smaller stones from the beds, cinders or gravel to a depth 

 of 3 inches, and rolled till firm. 



The road should have sufficient camber, or curve, to 

 throw off rain-water, otherwise it will never be solid in 

 wet weather. Drains with open gratings and soil-traps to 

 intercept the water should be made at intervals on either 

 side, and mouthed into the drains that drain the nursery. 



The paths should preferably not be metalled, as they 

 are then difficult to keep clean with the hoe, and it is 

 dangerous to the young plants near the paths to use 

 weed-killer. Fine gravel may be used to keep them from 

 becoming dirty in wet weather. 



To prevent the soil from the beds breaking down on to 

 the paths, edgings of creosoted boards or of stones and 

 brick are used; but the latter need constant attention to 

 keep them neat and tidy, while the former incurs a large 

 initial expense. 



