TRANSPLANTING 



71 



of earth. This spade is most useful for the larger trans- 

 plants that are to be pitted. 



When lifting still larger trees i.e., standards or orna- 

 mental trees and shrubs a trench should be dug round 

 the tree from 1 to 2 feet from the stem, according to the 

 size and spread of the roots and to the full depth of the 

 side-roots. The ball of earth is then undermined and all 

 deep descending taproots cut. 



Cylindrical spade. 



Semi circular spade 

 FIG. 10. 



Spiral spad. 



All roots that have been cut or injured by spades should 

 be pruned by a clean cut from the knife. 



The tree is then lifted up or gently levered over, and 

 a mat or piece of sacking is placed under the ball of earth, 

 the ends being brought up and tied round the stem of the 

 tree. It can then be lifted up and carted away without 

 fear of losing much of the soil. 



With very large standards the trenches should be dug, 

 and the taproots and wide-spreading side-roots pruned 



