INSECT AND FUNGOID ENEMIES 173 



killed by applying with a brush a solution of sulphate of 

 iron 1 pound to a gallon of water (Board of Agriculture 

 Leaflet No. 56). 



Polyporus Fomentarius (the Tinder Fungus). Produces 

 " white rot " on Beech and Oak. The mycelium pene- 

 trates the wood and grows in layers between the annual 

 rings, which can be pulled apart easily and crumbled to 

 dust. The sporophores are large and semicircular, light 

 brown and hard above, soft beneath. When dry, was 

 used for tinder in former years. 



ASH. 



Bark Beetles. 



Hylesinus Fraxini. Beetle about -^ inch long, brownish- 

 grey, with dark markings upon its elytra or wing-cases. A 

 very pretty insect. The beetle makes a two-armed 

 gallery between the bark and cambium, laying her eggs to 

 right and left; the larvae, on hatching out, eat galleries 

 at right angles to main ones. 



Hylesinus Crenatus. Beetle dark brown or black, 

 about | inch long, with broad notched lines upon its wing- 

 cases. The beetle makes a gallery with either one or 

 two arms, the larvae making their galleries in all directions. 



Hylesinus Oleiperda. Beetle, generally found on the 

 top branches of young trees, is ^ inch long, black, 

 covered with yellow hairs. Beetle makes galleries deeply 

 cut into the wood of the branches; larval galleries very 

 irregulau. Sickly trees are mostly attacked, although the 

 beetles often attack healthy trees. Back-going trees 

 should be cut out to reduce the risk of attack. 



