186 FORESTRY WORK 



SPRUCE 



Beetles. 



Trypodendron Lineatum bores into wood of recently 

 felled trees, but the damage is usually confined to the 

 sapwood. The beetle is a very pretty insect with nearly 

 black thorax and yellowish-brown wing-cases, with three 

 black bands or stripes running lengthwise. 



Hylastes Palliatus also attack recently felled trees. 

 Their galleries are usually made in the bark. The beetle 

 is very small, and dark brown in colour. 



Plant Lice. 



Chermes Abietis (the Spruce Gall Aphis). As mentioned 

 before, this insect is the sexual form of the Larch aphis, 

 and causes the growth of the cone-like galls on Spruce- 

 branches. 



Fungi. 



Polyporus Vaporarius, P. Borealis, Trametes Pini, T. 

 Eadiciperda, and Agaricus Melleus, attack the Spruce as 

 well as the Scots Pine and other conifers. 



The young plants of all species are attacked by the 

 cockchafer, Melolontha Vulgaris. The eggs are laid a 

 few inches deep in the soil, and hatch in about six weeks. 

 They live three or four years in the larval stage, and feed 

 upon the roots of trees and grass. They are white in 

 colour, and about 1| inches long when full grown. The 

 beetle is rich brown covered with a whitish down. It 

 feeds upon the leaves of most hardwoods, and can be 



