246 FOREST LANDS OF NORTHERN RUSSIA. 



suffice to make this intelligible to any one who has himself 

 visited the locality. 



' In the west we find the land for the most part cut up 

 by long lakes, and the ground is chiefly rocky ; in the east 

 we find fewer lakes, the land is more alluvial, and there 

 are fewer rivers. As a consequence we find the popula- 

 tion manifesting some difference in character. In the 

 west there is little of agriculture, but more of hunting, 

 fishing, felling of trees, and floating of timber ; and the 

 people go out as carpenters, builders, glaziers, and stone 

 hewers. The eastern coast of the lake is mostly devoted 

 to agriculture, in the Fudoschen circle it is especially that 

 of flax ; in the circle of Kargopolsk it is that of rye and 

 other grain. The eastern part raises so much corn, that, 

 excepting in the Wytegorsk circle, there is corn to be sold ; 

 but in the western part almost half of what is consumed is 

 purchased. 



1 In like manner, if we look to the flora, we see also a 

 few differences ; we find, as might have been expected, 

 plants common in the west, which are rare in the east ; 

 and also the reverse, plants common in the east which are 

 rare in the west. In the east we find as characteristic of 

 the flora, Larix Siberica, Atragena alpina, Delphinum, datum, 

 Silene tartarica, Pyrethrum cormybosum, Crepis sibirica, which 

 are all awanting in the west ; while in the east there 

 naturally are missed all the plants which grow upon rocks 

 in the west. 



' My list of plants was necessarily defective, as I 

 followed only a special object in preparing for it, and my 

 undertaking was limited to the environs of Lake Onega 

 and to the outlying places around. 



' My list of Lepidoptera is not yet complete, but I may 

 mention here a few of the more injurious of these. Of 

 Lepidoptera which have been very hurtful to agricultural 

 produce since 1870, may be mentioned Agrotis exdama- 

 tionis and scgitum, and, in passing, Hydroceia nictitans, Hadena 

 oculea and H. basilinea. These insects do enormous injury ; 

 and more especially does the Characas graminis do great 



