viii List of Illustrations 



PAGE 



7. Scotch Pine . . .129 



8. White Spruce , . 131 



9. Black Spruce .......... 132 



10. Sitka Spruce .......... 134 



11. Balsam Fir . . . . . . . . . . 136 



12. Alpine Fir 137 



13. Amabilis Fir ........... 138 



14. Lowland Fir 138 



15. Douglas Fir ........... 140 



16. Western Hemlock . .. . . . . . . . 143 



17. Black Hemlock 143 



18. Western Larch .......... 145 



19. Alpine Larch . ......... 146 



20. White Cedar , . , 148 



21. Western Cedar .< .- . . . . . . . . 149 



22. Yellow Cedar .... . '. . . . . 151 



23. Rocky Mountain Red Cedar 153 



24. Western Yew . .' . . . . . . . . . 155 



25. Peach-leaved Willow . . . . . . . . . 159 



26. Western Willow - . . .160 



27. Aspen .'.... . . . . . . . . . 162 



28. Balsam Poplar .......... 164 



29. Black Cottonwood . . . . . . . . .164 



30. Cottonwood ........... 166 



31. Long-leaved Cottonwood ^ . - : . 166 



32. Wliite Birch .......... .170 



33. Mountain Birch .......... 171 



34. Red Alder . . ... . . . . . . 172 



35. Bur Oak . '. , . .... , ., ,. v- . . 175 



36. Garry Oak . . .*'.. % .^ . . .' . '- 175 



37. White Elm . . .- - '. x . . - : . \ . . . . 178 



38. Hackberry . . . v . . ; . . . . -179 



39. Bird Cherry . ' .. . .; -'..', , 182 



40. Western Bird Cherry . 182 



41. Oregon Crab . . . . ' . . . . . . 183 



42. Mountain Ash 184 



43. Manitoba Maple . . . . . . . . . .188 



44. Mountain Maple .......... 189 



45. Silver Maple .......... 190 



46. Broad-leaved Maple . . . . . . . . .190 



