192 THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



like that of Polysiphonia ; or stichidia, long, delicate pod- 

 like receptacles, enclosing crimson spores in separate cham- 

 bers or cells. 



Two of Callithammion, which has capsules seated along 

 its pinnae, or branchlets with bi-lobed Farellae. 



Phyllophora shows quite a different kind of fructification, 

 called neinathecia, or warts, concealed under leafy processes 

 composed of delicate moniliform or bead-like filaments. 



Rhodymenia gives an example of embedded tubercles 

 containing spores called coccidia. 



Kitophylium is spotted with son, each of which contains 

 a number of tetraspores. 



Polsiphonia fastigiata abounds with aniheridia at the 

 tip of its filaments amongst spiral fibres. 



The fructification of the highest order is that of Fncus 

 serratus and platycarpus, which should be examined fresh 

 from the plant, and is seen in perfection between the 

 months of December and April. It has a truly sexual cha- 

 racter, and as the receptacles of this Fucus contain both 

 the " sperm-cells " and the " germ-cells/' it is considered 

 an hermaphrodite plant. 



In the common Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder-wrack) the 

 receptacles containing antheridia are found on one plant, 

 and those containing sporangia on a separate individual; 

 it is best, therefore, to obtain the F. platy carpus or serratus, 

 which latter is found abundantly at half-tide, and easily 

 recognised by the toothed edges of its frond, when both 

 organs are observable in the same plant. 



Choose a mature receptacle, which may be known by its 

 discharging little gelatinous masses adhering round its 

 orifice. Make a section through it, and you will see a 

 globular cavity lined with filaments, some of which project 

 through the pore. These filaments are jointed, or rather 

 are composed of cells containing what are called antkero- 

 zoides ; these are yellow dots with two long thread-like 

 appendages, which, when liberated by the breaking of the 

 cell, have a spontaneous and rapid motion, and they imme- 

 diately swarm around the sporangia, and fecundate them. 

 The sporangia are pear-shaped bodies lying amongst these 



