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12 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



ajipears to he fixed in botli the summer and winter pelage, as 

 the markings were found on the skins of goats killed both in 

 ]ul\- and Xovember. Reports of goat with these characters are 

 widespread along the upper Columbia River, so that it would 

 seem as though toward the southern limit of its range, a color 

 variation were just beginning to appear. In addition to its uni- 

 formlv white color. Orcaimios differs from the serow in the promi- 

 nence of its eye sockets, in the elongated shape of the muzzle 

 and face, in the position and shape of the horns and more par- 

 ticularly in the cannon bones, which are exceptionally short and 

 stout. In this latter respect Orca)iiiios dei:)arts widely from all 

 tlie (itlier members of the Riipicapriiuc. The most striking char- 

 acter however, of Orccniuios, is the presence, situated in a half 

 circle immediately behind each horn, of a large, black scent- 

 irland. as large as half an orange. This gland is sometimes so 

 tough as to wear deeply into the base of the horn. A horn 

 worn away in this manner was secured by the ^vriter in British 

 Cohmibia. 



The comparatively short duration of time since the appearance 

 of Orcainnos in America and the somewhat uniform character 

 of its habitat, probably account for the absence of much type 

 variation. 



TYPES OF DREAM NOS. 



The first specimens of the mountain goat to be described, came 

 from the Cascade Mountains on the Columbia River in Oregon 

 and of course now stand as the type of Orcainnos nioiifaniis. hav- 

 ing been first described by Rafinesque in 1817. This subspecies is 

 intermediate in size between the eastern form of American goat, 

 O.ni.niissoulcr, and the large Canadian O.ni.colunibianns, and. is 

 characterized by a short but broad skull. The true Orcaninos 

 viontanus extends from about the Canadian boundary, south 

 through Washington into Oregon. In the 70's a considerable 

 number were found on ]\It. Ranier in Washington, and they still 

 occur on Mt. Baker to the northward. It is absent, however, 

 from the Olympic Mountains, from \'ancouver Island and from 

 the southern Cascades in Oregon. Nothing is known of the 

 northern limits of this subspecies. Init it probably does not extend 

 very far into British Columbia, merging at that point into 0.)n. 

 coliiinbianus. The most southerly Oregon records that the writer 

 has been able to obtain is Mt. Jeft'erson in that State, latitude 

 44° 40' north, in approximately the same latitude as the Sawtooth 

 Mountains in Idaho. 



