horse suddenly turned, there is a characteristic profusion of the '-'haw" or 

 '■ membrana nictitans," over the eyes, which are withdrawn into the orbits 

 Ih'js causing the animal to show the wliite part of the eye at each convulsive 

 retraction. As the disease advances, the stiffness becomes more marked 

 especially in the muscles of mastication and in those of the upper part of the 

 neck. The affection soon spreads to the muscles of the bo Jy, back and hind 

 quarters. At length the tetanic condition becomes established, and is very 

 apparent, even to a superficial observer. The limbs are extended and kept 

 apart, the jaws are immovably fixed, the tail is elevated, and the animal moves in 

 a peculiar stiff straddling way, with great difficulty and pain. The pulse is 

 generally not much affected in the first instance, but in a day or two it becomes 

 quickened. In severe cases it may be very rapid in the early stao-es. 

 Sometipies, also, the temperature rises very high, the bowels are constipated, 

 and during the course of the disease there are periods of calm alternatino- 

 v,-ith violent paroxysms. These latter are easily induced by any sudden 

 disturbance of the animal, such as by loud noises, or by sudden flashes of 

 light into the darkened box. Quietude tends to subdue the patient in a 

 corresponding degree. During the continuance of the spasms, the breathing 

 becomes.- quickened and difficult; the surface of the body is bedewed with 

 perspiration; the nostrils are dilated, and the nose protruded. 



The duration of cases of tetanus varies markedly. Some of the more 

 severe cases run their entire course in less than 48 hours. In other instances 

 the animal may live two or three weeks, and then succumb at the end of that 

 time. As a rule tetanus runs a more rapid course in thoroughbreds than in 

 animals of coarser breed, and appears to be of a more active type in 

 excitable horses than in animals less sensitive. When the animal progresses 

 favourably, the tetanic condition gradually and slowly declines, lasting from 

 three to five weeks. 



There is a notion, unfortunately, in some parts of the country, that 

 horses afflicted with lock-jaw invariably die ; and the owners, in some 

 instances, refuse to have the animals treated in consequence. This is 

 liowever, a grievous error, for, excepting in those instances where tetanus is 

 so acute at the outset that a fatal result is certain, a favourable termination 

 is by no means uncommon under judicious care and treatment. Indeed in 

 all cases w^here the symptoms come on slowlj^, and the animal is able to take 

 nutriment, and lives to the eighth or ninth day, recovery is fairly common. 

 The animal should be placed in a large, well-ventilated, well-bedded, 

 loose box, which should be kept dark. Strict quietude should in ail cases be 

 enjoined. It is of the utmost import cmce in the treatment of this affectio7i. 

 The wound, if there be any, should be carefully examined, and all irritatino- 

 matter washed away. In cases following docking it is considered by 

 eminent authorities to be advisable to repeat the operation, and v/here this 

 has been done, in a large number of instances statistics show a large 

 percentage of recoveries. In almost all instances slinging is necessary in the 

 early stages of the disease. 



Among the many drugs which have been advocated for the cure of 



